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In constructive mathematics, the limited principle of omniscience (LPO) and the lesser limited principle of omniscience (LLPO) are axioms that are nonconstructive but are weaker than the full law of the excluded middle (Bridges and Richman 1987). The LPO and LLPO axioms are used to gauge the amount of nonconstructivity required for an argument, as in constructive reverse mathematics. They are also related to weak counterexamples in the sense of Brouwer. == Definitions == The limited principle of omniscience states (Bridges and Richman 1987:3): :LPO: For any sequence ''a''0, ''a''1, ... such that each ''a''''i'' is either 0 or 1, the following holds: either ''a''''i'' = 0 for all ''i'', or there is a ''k'' with ''a''''k'' = 1. The lesser limited principle of omniscience states: :LLPO: For any sequence ''a''0, ''a''1, ... such that each ''a''''i'' is either 0 or 1, and such that at most one ''a''''i'' is nonzero, the following holds: either ''a''2''i'' = 0 for all ''i'', or ''a''2''i''+1 = 0 for all ''i'', where ''a''2''i'' and ''a''2''i''+1 are entries with even and odd index respectively. It can be proved constructively that the law of the excluded middle implies LPO, and LPO implies LLPO. However, none of these implications can be reversed in typical systems of constructive mathematics. The term "omniscience" comes from a thought experiment regarding how a mathematician might tell which of the two cases in the conclusion of LPO holds for a given sequence (''a''''i''). Answering the question "is there a ''k'' with ''a''''k'' = 1?" negatively, assuming the answer is negative, seems to require surveying the entire sequence. Because this would require the examination of infinitely many terms, the axiom stating it is possible to make this determination was dubbed an "omniscience principle" by Bishop (1967). 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Limited principle of omniscience」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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